| Emperor of Korea | |
|---|---|
| Former Monarchy | |
| Imperial | |
| Imperial Seal of the Korean Empire | |
| Sunjong, the last Emperor of Korea | |
| First monarch | Dangun (disputed) |
| Last monarch | Sunjong (as emperor) |
| Style | His Imperial and Royal Majesty |
| Official residence | Changdeokgung, Korea |
| Monarchy started | 2333 BC (disputed) |
| Monarchy ended | August 29, 1910 |
| Current pretender | Disputed Yi Won Yi Haewŏn |
| History of Korea | |
|---|---|
This article is part of a series |
|
| Prehistory | |
| Jeulmun period | |
| Mumun period | |
| Gojoseon ?–108 BCE | |
| Wiman Joseon 194 BCE–108 BCE | |
| Proto–Three Kingdoms 300–57 BCE | |
| Buyeo, Goguryeo, Okjeo, Dongye | |
| Jin state, Samhan (Ma, Byeon, Jin) | |
| Four Commanderies of Han | |
| Three Kingdoms 57 BCE–668 | |
| Goguryeo 37 BCE–668 | |
| Baekje 18 BCE–660 | |
| Silla 57 BCE–935 | |
| Gaya 42–562 | |
| North and South States 698–926 | |
| Unified Silla 668–935 | |
| Balhae 698–926 | |
| Later Three Kingdoms 892–936 | |
| Taebong, Hubaekje, Silla | |
| Goryeo Dynasty 918–1392 | |
| Joseon Dynasty 1392–1897 | |
| Korean Empire 1897–1910 | |
| Colonial Korea 1910–1945 | |
| Provisional Gov't 1919–1948 | |
| Division of Korea 1945–present | |
| North, South Korea 1948–present | |
| By topic | |
| Timeline | |
| List of monarchs | |
| Linguistic history | |
| Science and technology history | |
| Art history | |
| Military history | |
| Naval history | |
|
Korea Portal |
The Korean dynasties are listed in the order of their fall.
This list includes the monarchs' Romanized posthumous or temple names and reign dates. Names are romanized according to the South Korean Revised Romanization of Korean. McCune-Reischauer romanizations may be found at the articles about the individual monarchs.
Contents |
Gojoseon (c. 2333 – 108 BCE) was the first Korean kingdom. It is said to have been founded by Dangun in 2333 BCE, although the foundation year is disputed among historians.[1] Bronze age archaeological evidence of Gojoseon culture is found in northern Korea and Liaoning. By the 9th to 4th century BCE, various historical and archaeological evidence shows Gojoseon was a flourishing state and a self-declared kingdom.
| # | Name | Period of reign | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | ||
| 1 | Dangun Wanggeom | 단군왕검 檀君王儉 |
2333-? BCE |
|
|
|
|
|
| ? | King Bu | 부왕 否王 |
?-? BCE |
| ? | King Jun | 준왕 準王 |
?-194 BCE |
Notes: [1] Gija (r. 1126 -1082 BCE): Whether Gija Joseon actually existed is a matter of controversy. Korean scholars deny its existence for various reasons.
| # | Name | Period of reign | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | ||
| 1 | Wi Man | 위만 衛滿 |
194-? BCE |
| 2 | Unknown (Son of Wi Man) |
Unknown | ?-? |
| 3 | King Ugeo | 우거왕 右渠王 |
?-108 BCE |
Buyeo (2nd century BC – 494 CE) ruled in modern-day Northeast China. The rulers continued to use the titles of Dangun.[2] Some records refer to Bukbuyeo (North Buyeo) and Dongbuyeo (East Buyeo). It was absorbed into Goguryeo.
(c.86 BCE–22 CE) The rulers of Dongbuyeo submitted to Bukbuyeo in 86 BC, and thus used the title Wang ("King").
| # | Name | Period of reign | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | ||
| 1 | Hae Buru | 해부루 解夫婁 |
86-48 BCE |
| 2 | Geumwa | 금와왕 金蛙王 |
48-7 BCE |
| 3 | Daeso | 대소왕 臺素王 |
7 BCE-22 CE |
Galsa Buyeo
| # | Name | Period of reign | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | ||
| 1 | King of Galsa | 갈사왕 曷思王 |
21 CE-? |
| ? | Dodu | 도두 都頭 |
?-68 CE |
| Name | Period of reign | |
|---|---|---|
| Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | |
| Wigutae | 위구태왕 慰仇太王 |
?-?, 2nd century |
| Ganwigeo | 간위거왕 簡位居王 |
?-?, 3rd century |
| Maryeo | 마려왕 麻余王 |
?-?, 3rd century |
|
|
|
|
| Uiryeo | 의려왕 依慮王 |
?-285 CE |
| Uira | 의라왕 依羅王 |
286 CE-? |
|
|
|
|
| Hyeon | 현왕 玄王 |
?-346 CE |
| Yeoul | 여울왕 餘蔚王 |
?-384 CE |
|
|
|
|
| Jan | 잔 孱 |
?-494 CE |
Goguryeo (37 BC - 668 CE) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Goguryeo rulers may have used the title of Taewang (太王, "Greatest King"). [1]
| # | Posthumous name[2] | Hangul (Hanja) | Personal names [3][4] | Period of reign |
| Legendary line [5] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dongmyeong | 동명성왕 (東明聖王), 동명왕 (東明王) | Jumong 주몽 (朱蒙), Chumo 추모 (鄒牟), Sanghae 상해 (象解) | 37-19 BCE |
| 2 | Yuri | 유리왕 (琉璃王), 유리명왕 (琉璃明王) | Yuri 유리 (琉璃, 類利), Yuryu 유류 (孺留), Nuri 누리 (累利) | 19 BCE – 18 CE |
| 3 | Daemusin | 대무신왕 (大武神王), 대해주류왕 (大解朱留王) | Muhyul 무휼 (無恤) | 18-44 |
| 4 | Minjung | 민중왕 (閔中王) | Saekju 색주 (色朱) | 44-48 |
| 5 | Mobon | 모본왕 (慕本王) | U 우 (憂), Aeru 애루 (愛婁), Mangnae 막래 (莫來) | 48-53 |
| Gungnae line | ||||
| 6 | Taejo | 태조[대]왕 (太祖[大]王), 국조왕 (國祖王) | Gung 궁 (宮), Eosu 어수 (於漱) | 53-146 |
| 7 | Chadae | 차대왕 (次大王) | Suseong 수성 (遂成) | 146-165 |
| 8 | Sindae | 신대왕 (新大王) | Baekgo 백고 (伯固), Baekgu 백구 (伯句) | 165-179 |
| 9 | Gogukcheon | 고국천왕 (故國川王), 국양왕 (國襄王) | Nammu 남무 (男武) | 179-197 |
| 10 | Sansang | 산상왕 山上王 | Jeong-u 정우 廷優, Wigung 위궁 位宮 | 197-227 |
| 11 | Dongcheon | 동천왕 東川王, 東襄王 | Uwigeo 우위거 憂位居, Gyoche 교체 郊彘 | 227-248 |
| 12 | Jungcheon | 중천왕 中川王, 中襄王 | Yeonbul 연불 然弗 | 248-270 |
| 13 | Seocheon | 서천왕 西川王, 西襄王 | Yangno 약로 藥盧, Yagu 약우 若友 | 270-292 |
| 14 | Bongsang | 봉상왕 烽上太王, 鴙葛王 | Sangbu 상부 相夫, Sapsiru 삽시루 插矢婁 | 292-300 |
| 15 | Micheon | 미천왕 美川太王, 好攘王 | Eulbul 을불 乙弗, Ubul 우불 憂拂 | 300-331 |
| 16 | Gogugwon | 고국원왕 故國原王 | Sayu 사유 斯由, Yu 유 劉, Soe 쇠 釗 | 331-371 |
| 17 | Sosurim | 소수림왕 小獸林王 | Gubu 구부 丘夫 | 371-384 |
| 18 | Gogugyang | 고국양왕 故國攘王 | Yiryeon 이련 伊連, Eojiji 어지지 於只支 | 384-391 |
| 19 | Gwanggaeto the Great | 국강상광개토경평안호태왕 國彊上廣開土境平安好太王 | Damdeok 담덕 談德, An 안 安 | 391-413 |
| Pyongyang line | ||||
| 20 | Jangsu | 장수왕 長壽王 | Georyeon 거련 巨連, Goryeon 고련 高璉 | 413-490 |
| 21 | Munjamyeong | 문자명왕 文咨明王 | Na-un 나운 羅雲, Go-un 고운 高雲 | 491-519 |
| 22 | Anjang | 안장왕 安藏王 | Heung-an 흥안 興安, Go-an 고안 高安 | 519-531 |
| 23 | Anwon | 안원왕 安原王 | Bojeong 보정 寶廷, Gojeong 고정 高廷 | 531-545 |
| 24 | Yangwon | 양원왕 陽原王, 陽崗王 | Pyeongseong 평성 平成 | 545-559 |
| 25 | Pyeongwon | 평원왕 平原王 | Yangseong 양성 陽成, Tang 탕 湯, Goyang 고양 高陽 | 559-590 |
| 26 | Yeongyang | 영양왕 嬰陽王, 평양왕 平陽王 | Go Won 고원 高元, Daewon 대원 大元 | 590-618 |
| 27 | Yeongnyu | 영류왕 榮留王 | Go Geonmu 고건무 高建武, Seong 성 成, Gomu 고무 高武 | 618-642 |
| 28 | Bojang | 보장왕 寶藏王 | Go Jang 고장 高藏, Bojang 보장 寶藏 | 642-668 |
Notes: [1] Some of Goguryeo's own records of individual kings, especially of the 19th (Gwanggaeto), use the title "Taewang" or "Hotaewang", roughly meaning Greatest King or Very Greatest King. Some argue that the title should be translated as "Emperor," equivalent of the Chinese title 皇帝, but this is not widely accepted. The most complete and oldest existing Korean history text, the Samguk Sagi and the Samguk Yusa, written centuries after Goguryeo was defeated, uses the title "Wang", meaning King.
[2] The king names generally derive from the location of the king's burial, and do not necessarily correspond to the Chinese concept of 諡號.
[3] Goguryeo kings had the surname Go, except for the second (Yuri) through fifth (Mobon), whose surnames are recorded as Hae. All of the kings are recorded to belong to the same patrilineal bloodline. It is not clear whether the two surnames are different transcription of the same name, or evidence of a power struggle.
[4] The Samguk Sagi and Samguk Yusa, and sometimes other records mention "other names," "birth names," "childhood names," or "personal names."
[5] The Legendary line names and dates are from the Samguk Sagi. The Wei shu (History of the Wei dynasty) gives the following names: 朱蒙 Jumong, 閭達 Yeodal, 始閭諧 Shiryeohae, 如栗 Yeoyul, and 莫來 Mangnae. The legendary line had already been formed with some variants in the early 5th century when king Jangsu built a monument for his father and Goguryeo made contact with the Northern Wei. The inscription of that monument gives these names: 鄒牟 Chumo, 儒留 Yuryu, and 大朱留 Daejuryu. The connections between those names are not clear.
Sources: http://kdaq.empas.com/koreandb/history/koreanking/html/person/koguryeo_king.html (The Academy of Korean Studies) and http://enc.daum.net/dic100//topView.do (Korea Britannica Corp.)
Baekje (18 BC – AD 660) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Temple names were the same as personal names, unless noted otherwise.
| # | Temple name | Hangul | Hanja | Period of reign | Personal name | Relationship | Note |
| 1 | Onjo | 온조왕 | 溫祚王 | 18 BCE – 29 CE | founder | son of Dongmyeongseong of Goguryeo | |
| 2 | Daru | 다루왕 | 多婁王 | 29 – 77 | first son of Onjo | ||
| 3 | Giru | 기루왕 | 己婁王 | 77 – 128 | first son of Daru | ||
| 4 | Gaeru | 개루왕 | 蓋婁王 | 128 – 166 | son of Giru | ||
| 5 | Chogo | 초고왕 | 肖古王 | 166 – 214 | son of Gaeru | also Sogo (소고왕, 素古王) | |
| 6 | Gusu | 구수왕 | 仇首王 | 214 – 234 | first son of Chogo | also Guisu (귀수왕, 貴須王) | |
| 7 | Saban | 사반왕 | 沙泮王 | 234 | first son of Gusu | also Sai (사이왕, 沙伊王) | |
| 8 | Goi | 고이왕 | 古爾王 | 234 – 286 | second son of Gaeru | also Gui (구이군, 久爾君) | |
| 9 | Chaekgye | 책계왕 | 責稽王 | 286 – 298 | son of Goi | also Cheonggye (청계왕, 靑稽王) | |
| 10 | Bunseo | 분서왕 | 汾西王 | 298 – 304 | first son of Chaekgye | ||
| 11 | Biryu | 비류왕 | 比流王 | 304 – 344 | second son of Gusu | ||
| 12 | Gye | 계왕 | 契王 | 344 – 346 | first son of Bunseo | ||
| 13 | Geunchogo | 근초고왕 | 近肖古王 | 346 – 375 | second son of Biryu | also Chogo (초고왕, 肖古王) or Sokgo (속고왕, 速古王) | |
| 14 | Geun-gusu | 근구수왕 | 近仇首王 | 375 – 384 | son of Geunchogo | also Guisu (귀수왕, 貴首王) | |
| 15 | Chimnyu | 침류왕 | 枕流王 | 384 – 385 | first son of Geungusu | ||
| 16 | Jinsa | 진사왕 | 辰斯王 | 385 – 392 | younger brother of Chimnyu | also Buyeohui (부여휘, 扶餘暉) | |
| 17 | Asin | 아신왕 | 阿莘王 | 392 – 405 | cousin of Jinsa; first son of Chimnyu | also Aha (아화왕, 阿華王) | |
| 18 | Jeonji | 전지왕 | 腆支王 | 405 – 420 | first son of Asin | also Jikji (직지왕, 直支王) or Jinji (진지왕, 眞支王) | |
| 19 | Gu-isin | 구이신왕 | 久爾辛王 | 420 – 427 | first son of Jeonji | ||
| 20 | Biyu | 비유왕 | 毗有王 | 427 – 454 | first son of Guisin | also Yeobi (여비, 餘毗) | |
| 21 | Gaero | 개로왕 | 蓋鹵王 | 454 – 475 | Gyeongsa (경사, 慶司) or Gyeong (경, 慶) | first son of Biyu | also Yeogyeong (여경, 餘慶) |
| 22 | Munju | 문주왕 | 文周王 | 475 – 477 | Modo (모도, 牟都) or Do (도, 都) | son of Gaero | |
| 23 | Samgeun | 삼근왕 | 三斤王 | 477 – 479 | Samgeun (삼근, 三斤), Imgeol (임걸, 壬乞) or Samgeol (삼걸, 三乞) | first son of Munju | also Mun-geun (문근왕, 文斤王) |
| 24 | Dongseong | 동성왕 | 東城王 | 479 – 501 | Modae (모대, 牟大) or Mamo (마모, 摩牟) | cousin of Samgeum | |
| 25 | Muryeong | 무령왕 | 武寧王 | 501 – 523 | Sama (사마, 斯麻 or 斯摩) or Yung (융, 隆) | second son of Dongseong | also Sama (사마왕, 斯麻王), Do (도왕, 嶋王), or Horyeong (호령왕, 虎寧王) |
| 26 | Seong | 성왕 | 聖王 | 523 – 554 | Myeong (명, 明) | son of Muryeong | also Myeong (명왕, 明王) or Seongmyeong (성명왕, 聖明王) |
| 27 | Wideok | 위덕왕 | 威德王 | 554 – 598 | Chang (창, 昌) | first son of Seong | also Chang (창왕, 昌王) |
| 28 | Hye | 혜왕 | 惠王 | 598 – 599 | Gye (계, 季) | younger brother of Wideok | also Heon (헌왕, 獻王) |
| 29 | Beop | 법왕 | 法王 | 599 – 600 | Seon (선, 宣) or Hyosun (효순, 孝順) | first son of Hye | |
| 30 | Mu | 무왕 | 武王 | 600 – 641 | personal name Jang (장, 璋) or Seodong (서동, 薯童) | youngest son of Wideok | also Mugang (무강왕, 武康王) or Mugwang (무광왕,武廣王) |
| 31 | Uija | 의자왕 | 義慈王 | 641 – 660 | first son of Mu |
*Source: [1]
Silla (57 BC – 935 CE) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In the early years, Silla was ruled by the Pak, Seok, and Kim families. Rulers of Silla had various titles, including Isageum, Maripgan, and Daewang. Like some Baekje kings, some declared themselves emperor.
The Gaya confederacy (42-562) consisted of several small statelets. All rulers of Gaya bore the title Wang ("King").
Geumgwan Gaya (42-532) was one of the Gaya confederacy.
| # | Temple Name | Period of reign[3] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | ||
| 1 | Suro of Geumgwan Gaya | 수로왕 首露王 |
42-199 |
| 2 | Geodeung of Geumgwan Gaya | 거등왕 居登王 |
199-259 |
| 3 | Mapum of Geumgwan Gaya | 마품왕 麻品王 |
259-291 |
| 4 | Geojilmi of Geumgwan Gaya | 거질미왕 居叱彌王 |
291-346 |
| 5 | Isipum of Geumgwan Gaya | 이시품왕 伊尸品王 |
346-407 |
| 6 | Jwaji of Geumgwan Gaya | 좌지왕 坐知王 |
407-421 |
| 7 | Chwihui of Geumgwan Gaya | 취희왕 吹希王 |
421-451 |
| 8 | Jilji of Geumgwan Gaya | 질지왕 銍知王 |
451-492 |
| 9 | Gyeomji of Geumgwan Gaya | 겸지왕 鉗知王 |
492-521 |
| 10 | Guhyeong of Geumgwan Gaya | 구형왕 仇衡王 |
521-532 |
Daegaya (42-562) was one of the Gaya confederacy.
| # | Name | Period of reign | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | ||
| 1 | Ijinasi of Daegaya | 이진아시왕 伊珍阿豉王 |
42 CE-? |
|
|
|
|
|
| 3 or 4 | Geumnim of Daegaya | 금림왕 錦林王 |
?-? |
|
|
|
|
|
| Unknown | Haji of Daegaya | 하지왕 荷知王 |
?-? |
|
|
|
|
|
| 6 or 7 | Gasil of Daegaya | 가실왕 嘉悉王 or 嘉實王 |
?-? |
|
|
|
|
|
| 9 | Inoe of Daegaya | 이뇌왕 異腦王 |
?-? |
| 10 or 16 | Crown Prince Wolgwang |
월광태자 (月光太子) |
?-562 |
Balhae (698–926) was an ancient Korean kingdom established after the fall of Goguryeo. Balhae occupied southern parts of Northeast China and Primorsky Krai, and the northern part of the Korean peninsula.
| # | Personal name | Period of reign | Era name (年號) | Posthumous name (諡號) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | ||
| 1 | Dae Joyeong | 대조영 大祚榮 |
698–719 | None | None | Go | 고왕 高王 |
| 2 | Dae Muye | 대무예 大武藝 |
719–737 | Inan | 인안 仁安 |
Mu | 무왕 武王 |
| 3 | Dae Heummu | 대흠무 大欽茂 |
737–793 | Daeheung Boryeok |
대흥 (大興) 보력 (寶曆) |
Mun | 문왕 文王 |
| 4 | Dae Won-ui | 대원의 大元義 |
793–794 | None | None | None | None |
| 5 | Dae Hwa-yeo | 대화여 大華與 |
794 | Jungheung | 중흥 中興 |
Seong | 성왕 成王 |
| 6 | Dae Sung-rin | 대숭린 大嵩璘 |
794–808 | Jeongryeok | 정력 正曆 |
Gang | 강왕 康王 |
| 7 | Dae Won-yu | 대원유 大元瑜 |
808–812 | Yeongdeok | 영덕 永德 |
Jeong | 정왕 定王 |
| 8 | Dae Eon-ui | 대언의 大言義 |
812–817? | Jujak | 주작 朱雀 |
Hui | 희왕 僖王 |
| 9 | Dae Myeongchung | 대명충 大明忠 |
817?–818? | Taesi | 태시 太始 |
Gan | 간왕 簡王 |
| 10 | Dae Insu | 대인수 大仁秀 |
818?–830 | Geonheung | 건흥 建興 |
Seon | 선왕 宣王 |
| 11 | Dae Ijin | 대이진 大彝震 |
830–857 | Hamhwa | 함화 咸和 |
Unknown | Unknown |
| 12 | Dae Geonhwang | 대건황 大虔晃 |
857–871 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| 13 | Dae Hyeonseok | 대현석 大玄錫 |
871–895 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| 14 | Dae Wihae | 대위해 大瑋瑎 |
895–906 | None | None | None | None |
| 15 | Dae Inseon | 대인선 大諲譔 |
906–926 | Unknown | Unknown | None | None |
Hubaekje (900-936) was founded by Gyeon Hwon, who was a general during Later Silla's period of decline. Thus began the Later Three Kingdoms period. Hubaekje met its downfall at the hands of Gyeon Hwon himself, who later led the Goryeo armies alongside Emperor Taejo of Goryeo to capture Singeom, the prince of Hubaekje, who had betrayed Gyeon Hwon.
| # | Personal name | Period of reign | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | ||
| 1 | Gyeon Hwon | 견훤 甄萱 |
900-935 |
| 2 | Singeom | 신검 神劍 |
935-936 |
Later Goguryeo (901-918), also known as Ma-jin or Taebong, was established by Gung-ye, an outcast prince of Silla. Gung-Ye joined General Yang-Gil's rebellion, and rose through the ranks. He eventually assassinated Yang-Gil and established a new kingdom, naming it Later Goguryeo. Gung-Ye turned out to be a tyrant, and was overthrown by his generals, opening the way for General Wang Geon, who established Goryeo.
| # | Personal name | Period of reign | Era name (年號) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | ||
| 1 | Gung-ye | 궁예 弓裔 |
901-918 | Mutae Seongchaek Sudeok-Manse Jeong-gae |
무태 (武泰) 성책 (聖冊) 수덕만세 (水德萬歲) 정개 (政開) |
Goryeo (918-1392) was ruled by the Wang Dynasty. The first ruler had the temple name Taejo, which means "great progenitor", and was applied to the first kings of both Goryeo and Joseon, as they were also the founders of the Wang and Yi Dynasties respectively. Starting with Gwangjong, rulers of Goryeo styled themselves emperors, with the first three rulers elevated to that title posthumously. With the Mongol conquest, however, the title of the ruler was demoted to a king, or "Wang."
The next twenty-three kings (until Wonjong) are also referred to by their temple names, ending in jong. Beginning with Chungnyeol (the twenty-fifth king), all the remaining kings of Goryeo had the title Wang ("King") as part of their temple names. Era names are in bracket where available
| # | Personal name | Period of reign | Courtesy Name (C)/ Mongol name (M) / Pseudonym (Ps) |
Temple name (廟號) (T) / Posthumous name (諡號) (P) |
Era name (年號) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | ||
| 1 | Wang Geon | 왕건 王建 |
918–943 | Yakcheon (C) | 약천 若天 (C) |
Taejo | 태조 太祖 (T) |
Cheonsu | 천수 天授 |
| 2 | Wang Mu | 왕무 王武 |
943–945 | Sunggeon (C) | 승건 承乾 (C) |
Hyejong | 혜종 惠宗 (T) |
||
| 3 | Wang Yo | 왕요 王堯 |
945–949 | Cheon-ui (C) | 천의 (C) | Jeongjong | 정종 定宗 (T) |
||
| 4 | Wang So | 왕소 王昭 |
949–975 | Ilhwa (C) | 일화 日華 (C) |
Gwangjong | 광종 光宗 (T) |
Gwangdeok Junpung |
광덕 (光德) 준풍 (峻豊) |
| 5 | Wang Yu | 왕유 王伷 |
975–981 | Jangmin (C) | 장민 長民 (C) |
Gyeongjong | 경종 景宗 (T) |
||
| 6 | Wang Chi | 왕치 王治 |
981–997 | On-go (C) | 온고 溫古 (C) |
Seongjong | 성종 成宗 (T) |
||
| 7 | Wang Song | 왕송 王誦 |
997–1009 | Hyosin (C) | 효신 孝伸 (C) |
Mokjong | 목종 穆宗 (T) |
||
| 8 | Wang Sun | 왕순 王詢 |
1009–1031 | Anse (C) | 안세 安世 (C) |
Hyeonjong | 현종 顯宗 (T) |
||
| 9 | Wang Heum | 왕흠 王欽 |
1031–1034 | Wonryang (C) | 원량 元良 (C) |
Deokjong | 덕종 德宗 (T) |
||
| 10 | Wang Hyeong | 왕형 王亨 |
1034–1046 | Sinjo (C) | 신조 申照 (C) |
Jeongjong | 정종 靖宗 (T) |
||
| 11 | Wang Hwi | 왕휘 王徽 |
1046–1083 | Chok-yu (C) | 촉유 燭幽 (C) |
Munjong | 문종 文宗 (T) |
||
| 12 | Wang Hun | 왕훈 王勳 |
1083 | Uigong (C) | 의공 義恭 (C) |
Sunjong | 순종 順宗 (T) |
||
| 13 | Wang Un | 왕운 王運 |
1083–1094 | Gyecheon (C) | 계천 繼天 (C) |
Seonjong | 선종 宣宗 (T) |
||
| 14 | Wang Uk | 왕욱 王昱 |
1094–1095 | Heonjong | 헌종 獻宗 (T) |
||||
| 15 | Wang Hui | 왕희 王熙 |
1095–1105 | Cheonsang (C) | 천상 天常 (C) |
Sukjong | 숙종 肅宗 (T) |
||
| 16 | Wang U | 왕우 王俁 |
1105–1122 | Semin (C) | 세민 世民 (C) |
Yejong | 예종 睿宗 (T) |
||
| 17 | Wang Hae | 왕해 王楷 |
1122–1146 | Inpyo (C) | 인표 仁表 (C) |
Injong | 인종 仁宗 (T) |
||
| 18 | Wang Hyeon | 왕현 王晛 |
1146–1170 | Ilsung (C) | 일승 日升 (C) |
Uijong | 의종 毅宗 (T) |
||
| 19 | Wang Ho | 왕호 王皓 |
1170–1197 | Jidan (C) | 지단 之旦 (C) |
Myeongjong | 명종 明宗 (T) |
||
| 20 | Wang Tak | 왕탁 王晫 |
1197–1204 | Jihwa (C) | 지화 至華 (C) |
Sinjong | 신종 神宗 (T) |
||
| 21 | Wang Yeong | 왕영 王韺 |
1204–1211 | Bulpi (C) | 불피 不陂 (C) |
Huijong | 희종 熙宗 (T) |
||
| 22 | Wang O | 왕오/왕숙/왕정 王晶/王璹/王貞 |
1211–1213 | Daehwa (C) | 대화 大華 (C) |
Gangjong | 강종 康宗 (T) |
||
| 23 | Wang Cheol | 왕철 王澈 |
1213–1259 | Cheon-u (C) | 천우 天祐 (C) |
Gojong | 고종 高宗 (T) |
||
| 24 | Wang Sik | 왕식 王倎 |
1259–1274 | Ilsin (C) | 일신 日新 (C) |
Wonjong | 원종 元宗 (T) |
||
| 25 | Wang Geo | 왕거 王椹 |
1274–1308 | Chungryeol | 충렬왕 忠烈王 (P) |
||||
| 26 | Wang Jang | 왕장 王璋 |
1308–1313 | Jungang (C) | 중앙 仲昻 (C) |
Chungseon | 충선왕 忠宣王 (P) |
||
| 27 | Wang Man | 왕만 王燾 |
1313–1330 1332–1339 |
Uihyo (C) | 의효 (C) | Chungsuk | 충숙왕 忠肅王 (P) |
||
| 28 | Wang Jeong | 왕정 王禎 |
1330–1332 1339–1344 |
Botapsilli (M) | 보탑실리 普塔失里 (M) |
Chunghye | 충혜왕 忠惠王 (P) |
||
| 29 | Wang Heun | 왕흔 王昕 |
1344–1348 | Palsamataaji (M) | 팔사마타아지 八思麻朶兒只 (M) |
Chungmok | 충목왕 忠穆王 (P) |
||
| 30 | Wang Jeo | 왕저 王蚳 |
1348–1351 | Misagamtaaji (M) | 미사감타아지 迷思監朶兒只 (M) |
Chungjeong | 충정왕 忠靖王 (P) |
||
| 31 | Wang Jeon | 왕전 王祺 |
1351–1374 | Bayantemureu (M) Ijae / Ikdang (Ps) |
바얀테무르 伯顔帖木兒 (M) 이재 / 익당 (Ps) |
Gongmin | 공민왕 恭愍王 (P) |
||
| 32 | Wang U | 왕우 王禑 |
1374–1388 | U | 우왕 禑王 (P) |
||||
| 33 | Wang Chang | 왕창 王昌 |
1388–1389 | Chang | 창왕 昌王 (P) |
||||
| 34 | Wang Yo | 왕요 王瑤 |
1389–1392 | Gongyang | 공양왕 恭讓王 (P) |
||||
Joseon (1392–1897) followed Goryeo. In 1897, when Joseon became the Korean Empire, some of the Joseon kings were posthumously raised to the rank of emperors.
Joseon monarchs had temple names ending in jo or jong. Jo was given to the first kings/emperors of new lines within the dynasty, with the first king/emperor having the special name (Taejo), which means "great progenitor" (see also Goryeo). Jong was given to all other kings/emperors.
Two kings, Yeonsangun and Gwanghaegun, were not given temple names after their reigns ended.
Each monarch had a posthumous name that included either the title Wang ("King"), Hwangje ("Emperor"), Daewang ("King X the Great"), or Daeje ("Emperor X the Great"). For the sake of consistency, the title "King/Emperor" has been added to each monarch's temple name in the list below.
| # | Portrait | Personal name | Period of reign | Korean era name | Temple name (廟號) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | |||
| 1 | Yi Seong-gye | 이성계/이단 李成桂/李旦 |
1392–1398 | Taejo | 태조 太祖 (T) |
|||
| 2 | Yi Bang-gwa | 이방과 李芳果 |
1398–1400 | Jeongjong | 정종 定宗 (T) |
|||
| 3 | Yi Bang-won | 이방원 李芳遠 |
1400–1418 | Taejong | 태종 太宗(T) |
|||
| 4 | Yi Do | 이도 李祹 |
1418–1450 | Sejong the Great | 세종 世宗(T) |
|||
| 5 | Yi Hyang | 이향 李珦 |
1450–1452 | Munjong | 문종 文宗 (T) |
|||
| 6 | Yi Hong-wi | 이홍위 李弘緯 |
1452–1455 | Danjong | 단종 端宗 (T) |
|||
| 7 | Yi Yu | 이유 李瑈 |
1455–1468 | Sejo | 세조 世祖 (T) |
|||
| 8 | Yi Gwang | 이광 李晄 |
1468–1469 | Yejong | 예종 睿宗 (T) |
|||
| 9 | Yi Hyeol | 이혈 李娎 |
1469–1494 | Seongjong | 성종 成宗(T) |
|||
| 10 | Yi Yung | 이융 李隆 |
1494–1506 | Yeonsangun | 연산군 燕山君 |
|||
| 11 | Yi Yeok | 이역 李懌 |
1506–1544 | Jungjong | 중종 中宗 (T) |
|||
| 12 | Yi Ho | 이호 李峼 |
1544–1545 | Injong | 인종 仁宗 (T) |
|||
| 13 | Yi Hwan | 이환 李峘 |
1545–1567 | Myeongjong | 명종 明宗 (T) |
|||
| 14 | Yi Yeon | 이연 李蚣 |
1567–1608 | Seonjo | 선조 宣祖 (T) |
|||
| 15 | Yi Hon | 이혼 李琿 |
1608–1623 | Gwanghaegun | 광해군 光海君 |
|||
| 16 | Yi Jong | 이종 李倧 |
1623–1649 | Injo | 인조 仁祖 (T) |
|||
| 17 | Yi Ho | 이호 李淏 |
1649–1659 | Hyojong | 효종 孝宗(T) |
|||
| 18 | Yi Yeon | 이연 李棩 |
1659–1674 | Hyeonjong | 현종 顯宗 (T) |
|||
| 19 | Yi Sun | 이순 李焞 |
1674–1720 | Sukjong | 숙종 肅宗 (T) |
|||
| 20 | Yi Yun | 이윤 李昀 |
1720–1724 | Gyeongjong | 경종 景宗 (T) |
|||
| 21 | Yi Geum | 이금 李昑 |
1724–1776 | Yeongjo | 영조 英祖 (T) |
|||
| 22 | Yi San | 이산 李祘 |
1776–1800 | Jeongjo | 정조 正祖 (T) |
|||
| 23 | Yi Gong | 이공 李蚣 |
1800–1834 | Sunjo | 순조 純祖 (T) |
|||
| 24 | Yi Hwan | 이환 李奐 |
1834–1849 | Heonjong | 헌종 憲宗 (T) |
|||
| 25 | Yi Byeon | 이변 李昪 |
1849–1863 | Cheoljong | 철종 哲宗 (T) |
|||
| 26 | Yi Myeong-bok | 이명복 李命福 |
1863–1897 (1897–1907)* | Gaeguk Geonyang Gwangmu |
개국 (開國) 건양 (建陽) 광무 (光武) |
Gojong* | 고종 高宗 (T) |
|
| 27 | Yi Cheok | 이척 李拓 |
(1907–1910)* | Yunghui | 융희 (隆熙) | Sunjong* | 순종 純宗 (T) |
|
* see Korean Empire section
In 1897, Joseon Dynasty became Korean Empire, which was lasted until 1910. Technically, the emperors should be referred to by their era names rather than their temple names, but the latter are commonly used.
| # | Portrait | Personal name | Period of reign | Korean era name | Temple name (廟號) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | |||
| 1 | Yi Myeong bok | 이명복 李命福 |
1897–1907 | Gwangmu | 광무 光武 |
Gojong | 고종 高宗 (T) |
|
| 2 | Yi Cheok | 이척 李拓 |
1907–1910 | Yunghui | 융희 隆熙 |
Sunjong | 순종 純宗 (T) |
|